Usage in the text

English synonyms

Russian

Chinese

Mongolian

Definition/clarification

Administrative terms

autonomous region

autonomous okrug, autonomous province

Автономная область, автономный округ (avtonomnaya oblast, avtonomnyi okrug)

自治区/zizhi qu

Өөртөө засах орон Oortoo zasax oron

an autonomous province-level administrative unit in China and Russia established to provide autonomy to predominant ethnic minorities

city

prefecture

Город

市/shi

Хот Xot

China: administrative unit under a province that includes a large, prominent urban area and a surrounding sub-urban or rural area. Russia and Mongolia: large urban center

county

district

Район (rajon)

县/xian

Дүүрэг Diireg

administrative unit under a province or city in China (same as "district"), called “banner” in Inner Mongolia.

district

county, banner (IMAR)

Район, уезд (rajon)

区/qu

.

administrative unit under a city in China, and under province in Mongolia and Russia

national

Государственный

国家级/guojiaji

Улсын Ulsiin

pertaining to national level of government

federal

national

федеральный

国家级/guojiaji

.

an entity at national (federal or state) level in Russian Federation

forest industry bureau

.

Леспромхоз (lespromkhoz)

森工总局/sengongzongju

.

agency responsible for commercial forest management in China

local

.

Местный

地方/difang

Орон нутгийн/бүс нутгийн Oron nitgiin/bus nutgiin

any level lower than nation or state

leskhoz

.

Лесхоз

林场/linchang

.

.

prefecture

city, league (IMAR)

Префектура, округ

市/盟/shi/meng

.

equivalent to a "city" in China, administratively below a province and above county/district,,called “league” in Inner Mongolia

province

region

Край, область, республика (krai, oblast, respublica)

省/sheng

Аймаг Aimag

An administrative division in basin countries immediately below national or federal level. In China and Russia other names are used for administrative divisions that are also ranked at province level. These include autonomous region, municipality, and special adminstrative region. In Russia the terms autonomous region and oblast also designate administrative divisions at province level.

province forestry bureau

.

Провинциальное управление лесного хозяйства

省林业局/sheng linyeju

Иргэдийн төлөөлөгчдийн хурал Irgediin toloologchdiin xural

province-level agency in China for administration of forests and conservation, and reporting to the government of the province and to the State Forest Administration in Beijing

provincial people's congress

.

Законодательное собрание провинции

省人大/sheng renda

.

province-level congress subordinate to the National Peoples Congress or (Renmin Daibiao Dahui), the highest legislative body in China; the highest legislative body in each province

region

.

Область, Oblast

区域/州/zhou/quyu

.

province-level administrative unit (as in “autonomous region”)

township

.

Город районного подчинения

镇/zhen

.

administrative unit under a county (district)

village

.

Сельский округ, село

乡/村/xiang, cun

.

administrative unit under a township

Usage in the text

English synonyms

Russian

Chinese

Mongolian

Definition/clarification/

Technical conservation terms

biodiversity

.

биоразнообразие, биологическое разнообразие

生物多样性 ; shengwu duoyangxing

Биологийн төрөл зүйл Biologiin torol zuil

The variability among living organisms, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems

biodiversity conservation

.

природоохранная биология, биология охраны природы

保护生物学

Биологийн төрөл зүйлийн хамгаалалт Biologiin torol zuiliin xamgaalalt

.

biosphere

.

биосфера

生物圈

Шим мандал Shim mandal

.

biological monitoring

.

биомониторинг, биологический мониторинг

生物监测

Биологийн төрөл зүйлийн байнгын ажиглалт Biologiin torol zuiliin baingiin ajiglalt

.

coniferous forest

.

хвойный лес

针叶林

Шилмүүст ой Shilmuust oi

.

deciduous broad leaf forest

.

широколиственный лес

温带落叶阔叶林

өргөн навчит ой Orgon navchit oi

.

disturbance

.

фактор беспокойства

干 扰

.

.

ecological flow

.

экологический попуск

生态流量\shentgai liuliang

.

minimum level or volume of river flow needed to sustain aquatic ecosystems

ecological carying capacity

.

экологическая емкость

生态容纳量

Экологийн даац Ekologiin daats

.

ecological balance

.

экологический баланс, экологическое равновесие

生态平衡

Экологийн тэнцвэр Ekologiin tentsver

.

ecological restoration

.

восстановление экосистем

生态恢复

Экологийн нөхөн сэргээлт Ekologiin noxon sergeelt

.

ecoregion

.

экорегион

生态区域

Экобүс нутаг Eko bus nutag

A large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities that (a) share a large majority of their species and ecological dynamics; (b) share similar environmental conditions, and; (c) interact ecologically in ways that are critical for their long-term persistence.

environmental standard

.

экологические нормативы, экологические стандарты

环境标准

Байгаль орчны стандарт Baigali orchnii standart

.

eutrophication

.

эвтрофикация

富营养化

.

.

extinction

.

вымирание, исчезновение

绝 灭

Зүйл устаж үгүй болох Zuil ustaj ugui bolox

.

flood period

.

Период паводка\период затопления\сезон паводка\сезон наводнения

汛期

Шар усны/үер усны улирал Shar usnii/uyer usnii uliral

.

geographic information system; GIS

.

ГИС - географическая информационная система

地理信息系统

Газар зүйн мэдээллийн систем Gazar zuin medeelliin sistem

.

grassland

.

травянистая экосистема

草地

Бэлчээр нутаг Belcheer nutag

a landscape dominated by grasses

greenbelt

.

зеленый пояс

绿化带

Ногоон бүс Nogoon bus

a protective belt of natural or planted vegetation

habitat fragmentation

.

фрагментация ландшафта

生境破碎化

Ландшафтын тасарч хуваагдах үзэгдэл Landshaphtiin tasarch xuvaagdax uzegdel

.

hydrobiont, aquatic organism

.

Гидробионты, водные организмы

水生生物

Усны амьд биет Usnii amid biyet

.

habitat

.

местообитание

生 境

Амьдрах орчин Amidrax orchin

.

local population

.

местная популяция

居 群

Орон нутгийн популяци Oron nugtiin populyatsi

.

pollutant

.

загрязняющее вещество, поллютант

污染物

Байгалийн бохирдол Baigaliin boxirdol

.

Ramsar Convention

.

Рамсарская Конвенция

国际湿地公约

Рамсарын бүс нутаг Ramsariin bus nutag

international convention for designation and protection of wetlands and associated wildlife and wetlaныnd functions

river mouth

.

устье реки, дельта реки

河口

.

.

sediment

.

отложения, осадок

沉积物

Тунадас Tunadas

.

species diversity

.

Видовое разнообразие

物种多样性

Зүйлийн olon зүйл Zuiliin olon zuil

.

steppe

.

степь, травянистые сообщества умеренного пояса, грассланд (умеренного пояса)

草地高原

Тал Tal

plateau grassland

temperate grassland

steppe

степь, травянистые сообщества умеренного пояса, грассланд (умеренного пояса)

温带草原

.

.

tundra

.

тундра

冻 原

Цармын бүс Tsarmiin bus

.

wastewater treatment

.

очистка сточных вод

废水处理

.

.

water pollution

.

загрязнение вод

水污染

Усны бохирдол Usnii boxirdol

.

water quality analysis

.

анализ качества воды

水质分析

Усны чанарын шинжилгээ Usnii chanariin shinjilgee

.

watershed

catchment, basin

бассейн, водосбор

流域

Голын сав газар Goliin sav gazar

drainage basin

Usage in the text

English synonyms

Russian

Chinese

Mongolian

Definition/clarification/

Protected area terminology

nature reserve management bureau

zapovednik(national park) management bureau

Дирекция заповедника (нацпарка, заказника)

保护区管理局/baohuqu guanliju

Тусгай хамгаалалттай нутгуудын удирдлагын газар Tusgai xamgaalalttai nutguudiin udirdlagiin gazar

agency responsible for management of a given nature reserve

protected area administration

PA directorate

Дирекция ООПТ

保护区处/baohuquchu

Тусгай хамгаалалттай газруудын хамгаалалтын захиргаа Tusgai xamgaalalttai gazruudiin xamgaalaltiin zaxirgaa

office established by a conservation authority responsible for administration of protected areas subordinate to this agency (all countries)

system of protected areas

.

Система ООПТ

自然保护区体系/

Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар нутгуудын сүлжээ Tusgai xamgaalalttai gazar nutguudiin suljee

protected areas unified administratively and sometimes by a conservation theme (e.g. wetland protected areas within a given river basin)

ecological network

econet

Экосеть, экологическая сеть, эконет

自然保护区网络

.

A group of important conservation sites that belong to same ecological zone, are linked administratively and managed to some extent as an integrated unit

water protection forests

.

Водоохранные леса

保护水林/baohushuilin

.

forests protected under forest management regulations because of their role in water conservation

local protected area

local nature reserve

Местные ООПТ

县级保护区/xianji baohuqu

Орон нутгийн хамгаалалттай газар Oron nutgiin xamgaalalttai gazar

a county-level nature reserve

nature reserve

protected area

Природный резерват, ООПТ

自然保护区/ziranbaohu qu

Байгалийн нөөц газар Baigaliin noots gazar

nature conservation area wholly or partially closed to the public

protected area-PA

nature reserve, wildlife refuge

ООПТ – особо охраняемая природная территория

自然保护区/ziranbaohuqu

Дархан цаазат газар Darxan tsaazat gazar

an area of land or water or both designated for nature conservation

seed (production) forest

.

Семенной лес

母树林/mushulin

.

area of mature forest protected to provide seed material (e.g. Korean pine)

natural forests

.

Естественные леса

天然林/tianranlin

.

China: Forests of natural origin that are protected and subsidised by government because of important ecological functions they provide. Often fall into categories of ecological function forests in China.

ecological function forests

.

.

生态林/shengtai lin

.

China: Forests that are protected because they provide important functions such as protection of water supplies, protection of fisheries, or prevention of erosion in china

Group I Forests

.

Леса первой группы

一级保护林区

.

Russia: forests where logging is restricted due to high ecological, social, resource-protection or other significance

Russia protected area types

Zapovednik (Strict Scientific Nature Reserve)

strict scientific nature reserve, national nature reserve

заповедник

严格自然保护区

Дархан цаазат газар Darxan tsaazat gazar

State-level organization that holds title to its land and meets IUCN category Ia or Ib criteria for management objectives prescribed by law. Mostly consists of strict protection zone and zapovednik management bureau, that has patrolling, research and environmental education staff.

Zapovednik buffer zone

.

Охранная зона заповедника

.

Дархан цаазат газрын Орчны бүс нутаг Darxan tsaazat gazriin Orchnii bus nutag

In Russia PA law prescribes formation of a buffer zone around zapovdnik with restrictions imposed on land-use (regime similar to zakaznik described below but normally much better enforced due to presence of on-site staff)

national park

.

Национальный парк

国家公园guojia gongyuan

Байгалийн цогцолборт газар Baigaliin tsogtsolbort gazar

National park system started in the 1970s as a part of the Forest Service and combined conservation and recreational objectives with limited forestry. Each national park has on-site staff and complicated zoning regulations. NP management bureau normally holds title only to core zone and some other areas, but also controls lands owned by other landholders.

national wildlife refuge

zakaznik

Федеральный заказник

禁猎区(保护区)

.

Zakazniks (refuges/nature reserves to protect zoological, botanical, or landscape features, or in some cases a combination of these features). Evolved from temporary refuges established to replenish wildlife populations. The most flexible and diverse type of PA; established either by federal, or more frequently, by provincial government. Established to protect natural features and prevent ecosystem fragmentation, restore rare species populations and preserve attractive scenery. Land titles are usually not withdrawn from landowners, tenants or users (forestry enterprises or farms) in zakazniks, but conservation restrictions are imposed on land-use. Federal zakazniks normally staffed with 2-3 patrolling officers (game keepers), but not necessarily true for provincial zakazniks presently managed by some branch of province govenment.

provincial wildlife refuge

zakaznik

Заказник регионального значения

省级禁猎区

see above

nature monument (national, provincial, local)

.

Памятник природы (федерального, областного или районного) значения

自然保护小区

Байгалийн дурсгалт газар Baigaliin dursgalt gazar

PA established to protect geological,zoological, botanical, or landscape features of examplary nature on limited acreage, are established either by the federal government or by national,provincial or even district authorities

nature park

.

Природный парк

省级自然公园

.

PAs established by provincial administrations, that besides biodiversity value, have some scenic value for tourism.

botanical park/garden/ arboretrum

.

Ботанический сад, дендропарк

植物园

Ботаникийн хүрээлэн Botanikiin xureelen

Also are protected areas according to Russian PA Law

nature resort (healing landscape)

.

Лечебно-оздоровительная местность, курорт

疗养区

.

Nature resorts (typically beaches or mineral springs) have separate management system dictated by the needs of institutions and clients using them for medical and recreational purposes.

PA types not listed under "PA Law" of Russian Federation

pine-nut production groves

cedar-seed production zone

Орехопромысловая зона

母树林/mushulin

.

area protected from logging under Russian forestry regulations to ensure sustained yield of cedar nuts from Korean Pine or Siberian Cedar-Pine.

sanitary protection zone

.

Зона санитарной охраны

卫生保护地

.

a no-access or limited-use zone around reservoir supplying drinking water in Russia

water protection zone

.

Водоохранная зона

水源保护地

.

a zone with restricted land-use established along a river, lake or other water body according to water management laws and regulations.

ecological corridor

.

Экологический коридор

生态走廊

Экологийн шилжилтийн бүс нутаг Ekologiin shiljiltiin bus nutag

PA connecting important ecological areas to secure migration, exchange of genetic resources or other important movement of biological species/ In Russian Far East only Khabarovsk province explicitly defines such PA type in provincial legislation.

wetland of provincial importance

.

Водно-болотное угодье областного значения

省级保护湿地

.

new PA category established in Amurskaya oblast in Russia

territory of aboriginal land-use

traditional land-use territories

Территория традиционного природопользования

.

.

areas where land-use restrictions are imposed to provide for traditional lifestyles of aboriginal hunters, fishers, gatherers

China protected area types

nature reserve

nature reserve, protected area

Национальный (государственный) природный резерват

自然保护区

Байгалийн нөөц газар Baigaliin noots gazar

The most common PA management category in China, established for a variety of purposes at national, provincial, prefectural, and county (district) levels. Has three management zones: (i) core area with no use but research and conservation; (ii) buffer zone where collection, measurements, management and research is permitted; and (iii) experimental zone where scientific investigation, public education, tourism and raising of rare and endangered wild species are permitted. Protection objectives include: (i) natural ecosystems (forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem, inland wetland and watershed ecosystem, ocean and coast ecosystem); (ii) wild animal protection; (iii) wild plant protection; and (iv) natural monuments (geological formations and paleontological)

province level nature reserve

.

Природный резерват провиницального значения

省级自然保护区/shengji baohuqu

.

see above

national (local) forest park

.

Национальный лесной парк

国家级森林公园

.

a PA type established for recreational purposes in China under Forestry Administration at national level

local forest park

.

Региональный лесной парк

森林公园

.

a PA type established for recreational purposes in China under Forestry Administration at provincial level

ecological function conservation area (EFCA)

.

Резерват охраны экологический функций ландшафта

生态功能保护区/shengtaigongneng baohuqu

.

Ecological Function Conservation Areas (EFCAs). These are large areas that, by design, include settlements and a wide range of human activities, and often overlie existing NRs. The aim is to provide coherent guidance to land use across critical ecological zones with important biodiversity and ecological processes

scenic landscape and historic site

.

Природные и исторические достопримечательности

风景名胜区

Байгалийн болон түүхийн дурсгалт газар Baigaliin bolon tuuxiin dursgalt gazar

a recreational or educational site designated for protection of landscape or historic resources but typically lacking management personnel or infrastructure, and not governed by national legislation or regulation

Mongolia protected area types

strictly protected srea (SPA)

.

Резерват строгой охраны

严格自然保护区

Дархан цаазат газар Darxan tsaazat gazar

Wilderness areas with high scientific value. PAs divided into: pristine zone (nothing but research allowed), protected zone (conservation-related activities also allowed,), Limited use zone(tourism, religious ceremonies, plant collection allowed). Hunting, logging and construction prohibited

buffer zone of SPA

.

Охранная зона

缓冲区

Орчны бүс нутаг Orchnii bus nutag

Strictly protected areas of Mongolia often have outer buffer zone designated to protect larger landscapes and linkage between protected areas. Restrictions on land-use are minimal and normally not enforced.

national park

.

Национальный парк

国家公园

Байгалийн цогцолборт газар Baigaliin tsogtsolbort gazar

Areas with natural, cultural, educational values. NPs divided into core areas (conservation and research allowed), ecotourism zone (tourism and related activities allowed), limited use zone (also allow grazing, and construction with NP's permission)

natural reserve

nature reserve

Природный резерват

自然保护区

Байгалийн нөөц газар Baigaliin noots gazar

Could fall into ecosystem, biological, paleontological and geological categories. NRs allow for economic activities that do not harm values under protection.

natural monument

.

Памятник природы

风景名胜区

Байгалийн дурсгалт газар Baigaliin dursgalt gazar

NM protect unique landscapes, cultural sites, sight-seeing attractions. Allow for many activities non-conflicting with protection objectives

Usage in the text

English synonyms

Russian

Chinese

Mongolian

Definition/clarification/

Place names, geographic names, cultural terms & names

Aginsky-Buryatsky Autonomous Region

.

Агинский-Бурятский Автономный округ

阿加布里亚特自治区

.

Province on Russian Federation, populated by Buriat minority. After referendum in 2007 will be mered with Chitinskaya province to form Zabaikalsky Krai

Amgun River

.

Амгунь

阿姆贡河

.

river in Khabarovksy Province, Russia formed by the confluence of the Ayakit and Suduk Rivers; left bank tributary of the Amur-Heilong River

Amur Estuary

.

Amursky Liman

黑龙江和口/Heilongjiang hekou

mouth of the Amur-Heilong River at the Sea of Okhotsk

Amur River

.

Амур

黑龙江/Heilongjiang

Хара Мурен\ Амар морон

see Heilong River

Argun River

.

Аргунь

额尔古纳河/Eergunahe

.

a Russia-China border river on the Inner Mongolia-Russia border; the southern of two main tributaries whose confluence near the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Provinces forms the Amur-Heilong River

Arsenievka River

.

Арсеньевка

Daubihe

.

Principal tributary to upper Ussuri-Wusuli River in Russia

Bikin River

.

Бикин

比金河/Bijinhe

.

right-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri River on the border of Khabarovsky and Primorsky Province in Russia

Bolon Lake

.

Болонь

博隆湖

.

large lake connected to Amur main channel in Khabarovsky Province

Bolshaya Ussurka River

.

Большая Уссурка

伊曼河/Yimanhe

.

right-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri River in Primorsky Province

Buir Lake

.

Буирнур

贝尔湖/Beierhu

Буйр нуур Buir nuur

large freshwater lake on Mongolian-Chinese border.Lake area of 615 km2; largest freshwater lake in eastern Mongolia Ramsar site no. 1377 in Dornod Province of Mongolia covering 104,000 ha; ;

Bureya River

.

Бурея

布列亚和

.

left-bank tributary of the Amur-Heilong River whose source is the Bureinsky Mountains of Khabarovsky Province

Chitinskaya Province

Chita Province

Читинская область

赤塔州

.

Russian province in South-East Siberia occupying Eastern Transbaikalia. Contains important headwaters/tributaries of Amur, Lana rivers and Lake Baikal. Chita city is the province seat.

Dalai Lake

Hulun Lake

Далайнор

呼伦湖, 达赉湖/Hulunhu, Dalaihu,

Далай нуур Dalai nuur

large brackish lake in China portion of Daurian ecoregion. Site of a Man and the Biosphere Reserve in north-eastern Inner Mongolia; a Ramsar site

Dauria

.

Даурия

达乌尔区域

Дагуур Daguur

In Russia also called “Transbaikalia”, the region of 1 million km 2 extending eastward 1000 km from Lake Baikal to the confluence of the Shilka and Argun Rivers and from the Patomskoye Plateau and North Baikal Plateau southward to the national border of the Russian Federation

Great Hinggan Mountains

.

Большой Хинган

大兴安岭/Daxing'anling

Их Хянганы нуруу Ix Xyanganii nuruu

the dominant mountain range in eastern Inner Mongolia, extending for 900 km, aligned north to south, and forming the western boundary of the Nen River basin in western Heilongjiang Province

Guangdong Province

.

Гуандун

广东省/Guangdong Sheng

.

A coastal south China province

Heilong River

.

Амур (Amur River)

黑龙江/Heilongjiang

Хара Мурен\ Амар морон

The 4,444 km long river draining the world's 11 th largest river basin area which covers parts of Mongolia, Russia, China, and discharges to the Sea of Okhotsk

Heilongjiang Province

.

Провинция Хейлунцзян

黑龙江省/Heilongjiang Sheng

.

China's northeastern most province

Hulunbeier

Hulunbuir

Хулунбуир

呼伦贝尔市/呼伦贝尔盟

.

Prefecture (city) in northeast Inner Mongolia bordering Chitinskaya Province in the North and Mongolia in the west. Named after Hulunhu (Dalai lake ) and Buir lake, which are two most prominent waterbodies of Daurian steppe. Hailar city is the prefecture seat.

Huma River

.

Хума, Кумара

呼玛河/Humahe

.

Right -bank tributary of Amur-Heilong, originating in Great Hinggan Mountains in China

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

.

Автономный Округ Внутренняя Монголия

内蒙古自治区/Nei Menggu Zizhiqu

Өвөр монголын өөртөө засах орон Ovor mongoliin oortoo zasax oron

China's northernmost central province-level administrative division. Its four easternmost prefectures historically and geographically belong to Dongbei (Northeast China).

Jilin Province

.

Провинция Цзилин (Гирин)

吉林省/Jilin Sheng

.

One of 33 province-level administrative divisions in China, part of northeast China, includes sources of Songhua River

Khabarovsk

.

Хабаровск

哈巴罗夫斯克,伯力/Baili

.

capital city of Khabarovsky Province, Russia

Khanka Lake

.

Озеро Ханка

兴凯湖/Xingkai Hu

.

transborder lake, Ramsar site, and nature reserve in upper Wusuli/Ussuri River basin on the Russia-China national border between Primorsky and Heilongjiang Provinces

Khenty Mountains

Henti, Khentii

Горы Хенти

.

Хэнтийн нуруу Xentiin nuruu

mountain range in north-west part of ARB

Kherlen River

Kerulen

Керулен

克鲁伦河/Kelulunhe

Хэрлэн гол Xerlen gol

originates in Mongolia and flows to Dalai Lake in Inner Mongolia;

Khor River

.

Хор

霍尔河

right-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri

Small Hinggan Mountains

Lesser Hinggan Mountains

Малый Хинган

小兴安岭/Xiaoxing'anling

Бага Хянганы нуруу Baga Xyanganii nuruu

north-south mountain range extending from Evreiskaya Autonomous Province southward to central Heilongjiang Province

Liaoning Province

.

Провинция Ляонин

辽宁省/Liaoning Sheng

.

the only coastal province of northeast China; capital city is Dalian

Luobei County, Hegang Prefecture

.

Уезд Луобей, Префектура Хэган

罗北县,鹤岗市/Luobei , Hegang Shi

.

one of two counties and six districts that constitute Hegang Prefecture, whose northeast border is shared with Russia along the Heilong River

Malyi Khingan, Sutarsky, Pompeevsky ridges

Lesser Hinggan Mountains

Малый Хинган, Сутарский, Помпеевский хребты.

小兴安岭/Xiaoxing'anling

.

Continuation of Lesser Hinggan Mountains in Evreiskaya Autonomous Province of Russia

Manchuria

North-east china

Манжурия

东北/Dongbei

Манжуур Manjuur

historic western name of the northeast region of China, normally considered to include northeast Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces

Mudan River

.

Река Муданцзян

牡丹江/Mudanjiang

.

a southeast Heilongjiang Province river and right-bank tributary of the Songhua River, flowing from Jingpo Lake northward; also one of 12 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province (Mudanjiang Shi)

Mulin River

.

Река Мулинхэ

穆棱河/Mulinghe

.

a left-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri River in Heilongjiang Province

Mutnaya River

.

Река Мутная

.

.

river historically connecting Lake Dalai and Argun river in Inner Mongolia, destroyed by Zhalainuoer coal mine and replaced by Xinkaihe canal in the 1960s.

Naoli River

.

Река Наолихэ

达兰鄂罗木河/Dalaneluomuhe

.

a left-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri River in eastern Heilongjiang Province

Nen River

.

Нонни

嫩江/Nenjiang

.

the northern of two tributaries whose confluence upstream from Harbin in Heilongjiang Province forms the Songhua River (the southern tributary being the Second Songhua River, whose source lies in Jilin Province)

Niu'erguxiao River

.

Река Нюергусяо

Niu'erguxiaohe

.

a river near the northeast tip of the Sanjiang plain

Onon River

.

Онон

鄂嫩河/Enenhe

Онон гол Onon gol

right-bank tributary of the Shilka River; originates on eastern slope of Khentii Mountain; flowing from Mongolia into Russia

Orshun River

.

Оршун

乌尔逊河

Оршуун гол Orshuun gol

a tributary of Dalai Lake

Sanjiang plain

Three Rivers plain

Равнина Санцзян, Трехречье

三江平原/Sanjiang pingyuan

.

floodplain area at the confluence of the Amur-Heilong, Songhua, and Wusuli-Ussuri Rivers located at the northeastern most tip of China

Second Songhua River

.

Вторая Сунгари

第二松花江/Di'er Songhuajiang

.

the southern of two tributaries whose confluence upstream from Harbin in Heilongjiang Province forms the Songhua River; its source lies in Jilin Province

Shilka River

.

Шилка

石勒喀河/

.

the northern of two tributaries whose confluence with Argun River on the Russia-China border near the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Provinces forms the Amur-Heilong River,

Siberia

.

Сибирь

西伯利亚

Сибирь Sibiri

vague geographic term for Asian part of Russia east of Ural Mountains. In Russia normally distinguished from Russian Far East lying east of it, with Chitinskaya Province and Republic of Buriatia being easternmost provinces in Siberia. Administratively is covered by Siberian Federal District.

Songacha River

.

Сунгача

松阿察河/Song'achahe

.

a left-bank tributary of the Wusuli-Ussuri River originating at Lake Khanka-Xingkai

Songhua River

.

Сунгари

松花江/Songhuajiang

.

the largest right-bank tributary of the Amur-Heilong River, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Provinces

Northeast China Plain

.

Северо-восточная Китайская Равнина

东北平原/Dongbei Pingyuan

.

the Song-Nen (Songhua and Nen Rivers) plain combined with adjacent plains in Liao river basin.

Song-Nen plain

.

Равнина Сун-Нонни

松嫩平原/Song-Nen pingyuan

.

lowlands in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Jilin Provinces on the floodplain of the Nen and Songhua Rivers; bounded on the northwest by the Greater Hinggan range, on the northeast by the Lesser Hinggan range, on the east by the Zhangguangcai range, and on the south by the Changbai range

Stanovoy Range

.

Становой Хребет

外兴安岭/Wai Xing'anling

.

a mountain range in Russian Far East, aligned east-west near the Sea of Okhotsk; delimits the watersheds of the Lena and Amur Rivers

Tangwang River

.

Река Танванхэ

汤旺河

.

a tributary of the Songhua River originating in the Lesser Hinggan range

Tianchi Lake

.

Тяньчи

天池/Tianchi

.

a caldera lake at the summit of Changbai Mountain (2,745 m) on the China-Korea border; a Man and the Biosphere reserve

Torey Lakes

.

Торейские озера

托列伊湖

Тарь нуур Tari nuur

Brackish lakes (Barun Torey and Zun-Torey) in Chitinskaya province. Place of Daursky Zapovednik and a Ramsar site

Transbaikalia

Zabaikalie

Забайкалье

外贝加尔区域,后贝加尔

.

"Area beyond Baikal Lake", includes Buriatia and Chitinskaya Province.

Udyl Lake

.

Озеро Удыль

乌德利湖

.

a large freshwater lake in Khabarovsky Province connected to Amur main channel

Uldz River

.

Река Ульдза

.

Улз гол Ulz gol

originates on east slope of Khentii Mountain, flows between Onon and Kherlen Rivers and joins Torey Lake in Russia

Ussuri River

.

Уссури

乌苏里江/Wusulijiang

Уссур мөрөн Ussur moron

see Wusuli River

Wanda Range

Wanda mountains

Хребет Вандашань

万大山/Wandashan

.

A range of low mountains in eastern Heilongjiang Province, extending northeastward across the Wusuli-Ussuri River to join the Sikhote-Alin Mountains in Khabarovsky and Primorsky Provinces in Russia

Wudaliangchi Lakes

.

Удалянчи

五大凉池/Wudaliangchi

.

A volcanic plateau in the Lesser Hinggan Mountains of Heilongjiang Province literally translated as “Five Great Cool Ponds”

Wusuli River

.

Река Уссури

乌苏里江/Wusulijiang

.

A right-bank tributary of the Amur-Heilong River that originates in Primorsky Province and demarcates the China-Russia border between Primorsky and Heilongjiang Provinces basin area 193,000 km 2

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

.

Синцзян-Уйгурский Автономный округ (Восточный Туркестан)

新疆维吾尔自治区/Xinjiangweiwuer Zizhiqu

.

An autonomous region in northwest China where the Uygur ethnic minority is the dominant sector of the population. One of 33 province-level administrative divisions in China, including 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions

Xinkai River

.

Канал Синкайхэ

新开河/Xinkaihe

.

A canal built to drain surplus water from Lake Dalai to Argun/Eerguna River in Inner Mongolia

Zabaikalsky Province

Zabaikalsky Krai

Забайкальский край

后贝加尔州

.

New province of Russia formed by 2008 . Includes former Chitinskaya and Aginsky-Buryatsky Autonomy

Zeya River

.

Зея

结雅河

.

the largest left-bank tributary of the Amur-Heilong River; originates in the Tokisky-Stanovoy mountain ridge; flows through Zeya Reservoir and joins the Amur River near Blagoveschensk

Buriat ethnic minority

.

Буряты

布里亚特族

Буриад Buriad

a Mongolian ethnic minority residing in Russia, Mongolia and China

Ghengis Khan

.

Чингисхан

Чингис хаан Chingis haan

The 12-13 century Mongol conqueror who united the Mongol tribes and forged an empire stretching from China to the Danube River and into Persia

Hezhe ethnic minority

.

Нанайцы, Nanai

赫赭族/Hezhezu

.

a minority in northeast China and southern RFE dependent on fishing